The most dreaded complication of contact lens use is corneal infections.
The cornea is a transparent layer at the front of the eye that plays a crucial role in vision clarity. Under normal conditions, the cornea is highly resistant to infections. However, this natural defense can be compromised by injury or trauma, such as a puncture wound from a sharp object, creating an entry point for bacteria or fungi to grow and cause infection.
A unique feature of the cornea is that it lacks blood vessels, meaning immune system cells cannot reach the area through the bloodstream to fight infections effectively. As a result, infections such as keratitis can develop more easily.
In severe cases, untreated keratitis can lead to permanent blindness.
Early detection and prompt medical treatment are essential to prevent complications and preserve vision.
Infections may be bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoal.
The most prevalent type of keratitis (corneal infection) we come across is bacterial keratitis. It is most frequently encountered when the patient leaves his/her contact lenses on overnight. Falling asleep with your contact lenses on greatly increases the risk of a corneal infection. Thus it is every eye specialist’s recommendation that you remove your contacts daily, keep a regimen of thorough cleaning and rinsing habits, and always keep them in fresh contact solution.
Certain types of viruses and fungi can also give rise to corneal infections. Bacteria is present everywhere, even in tap water. It is known that tap water can contain a type of bacteria that may cause corneal infections in those susceptible to it. Contact lens users are more at risk of developing this infection over those that do not use contact lenses. As such, do note that it is never a good idea to keep your contact lenses in tap water, even when your current bottle of contact lens solution has finished.
Corneal infections may or may not be infectious. Non-infectious corneal infections can arise from:
Possible symptoms of a corneal infection developing may include:
In some cases, the site of infection may be visible, appearing as a white spot on the eye. Contact lens users should be especially cautious and watch for symptoms such as redness, irritation, and discomfort, as these could indicate infectious keratitis. The severity of symptoms depends on the depth of the infection—the deeper it penetrates, the more painful and uncomfortable it becomes. Immediate medical attention is crucial for contact lens users experiencing these symptoms, as delayed treatment can lead to serious complications, including vision loss. If you notice any of these warning signs, contact your eye specialist or doctor immediately.
Specialized optical microscopes will be used to spot the location, depth and severity of the infection. In certain cases, your eye specialist may collect a sample for culture, to identify the source and type of infection.
Prescription anti-bacterial drops are usually given to those with minor or non-serious infections. For those with severe infections, stronger antibiotics or anti-fungal treatment will be needed to resolve the infections. Steroid drops may also be prescribed to relieve and control inflammation. Corneal infections may take multiple treatments to fully cure. Keeping frequent appointments with the eye specialist is highly recommended to ensure your condition steadily improves. If the infection progresses untreated or is particularly severe, it runs a risk of corneal scarring. This scarring may lead to loss of vision and possibly cause blindness.
Treatment for the corneal scar will require corneal transplant surgery.
It is always better to prevent an infection rather than to have to treat it. Contact lens hygiene is of utmost importance. In fact, we encourage the use of daily disposable contact lens to negate the need to wash your contact lenses. It is also prudent to avoid any contact with mud or dirty water when using your contact lenses.
Contact lens wearers run a higher risk of suffering from corneal infections, so proper hygiene and contact lens care is crucial. Never wear contact lenses to sleep. Soft contacts should be thrown away as instructed by your eye specialist. Usage of protective eyewear is necessary during rigorous physical activities or those that run a risk of particles or other foreign bodies into the eye. Persons with an active lifestyle or those who indulge in sporting activity frequently should take extra care to avoid eye injury that could possibly result in keratitis.
The best way to treat an infection is to take care of it as soon as symptoms start showing. A regular schedule for eye checkups will spot problems or abnormalities. For healthy eyes, remember to schedule comprehensive eye exams every one to two years, as recommended by your doctor.
Any signs of eye redness or irritation requires immediate medical attention to treat any early infection.
